1920
This was the marking of the early example
of the music video.
St Louis Blues by Bessie Smith was
realised in 1929, this was a two reel short which was shown in theatres until
1932. This 'music video' was basically a dramatized performance of the song
1930
In this era, Disney created 'silly
symphony' which is a cartoon series where music was played throughout, a lot
like fantasia but with more of the narrative
'Merry Melodies'
1940
Disney realised fantasia which was an
orchestra who played various pieces of classical music and the animators
created cartoons to fit the music. The most well-known piece form this is 'the
Sorcerer's apprentice'
1950
Minnie the moocher by Cab Calloway
realised the first live action musical short which would have been classed in
this time as a music video.
1960
Started in France, Scopitone jukeboxes
came into fashion; however they were heavy and very expensive so they were
usually seen in big establishments.
In 1964, The Beatles created a motion
picture called 'Hard Day's Night' where they spend a lot of the movie running
from girls while their music is playing over the top.
When this was realised another similar
concept from America emerged in 1966-68 called 'the monkees' which was a
television show about the band of the same name. The idea was most definitely
taken from the Beatles you can see similarities throughout.
The Beatles then made films for 'Strawberry
Fields forever' and 'Penny lane' however looking at what we consider music
videos for nowadays, these would not class as them.
These are considered 'Landmark films' as
they were the first purpose made concept videos. They used various techniques from
films from the era which was a very psychedelic period.
In 1966, Bob Dylan performed Subterranean
Homesick Blues with its own concept video of someone holding up the lyrics to
the song. This is a very iconic piece and there have been many parodies of this.
The Modern Era
Modern music video appeared in this era,
video recording and editing because more developed and more effects such as
Chroma key and high quality colour came on the scene.
Bohemian Rhapsody by Queen was the very
first Music video that was created which fits the purpose of today’s definition
of a music video. It started a new era for music videos as it was all shot and
edited on a video tape and was used to promote the song effectively.
1970
In the 70's, Top of the Pops started on
the television and started to promote singles. The producers of the show would
place strict limits on the number of videos that would have been shown on their
show. They also had a system when a band couldn't play for them or there was no
footage at all, they would use their on-site dance troupes such as the
well-known 'Pan's People'.
1980
In 1981 MTV was launched and the first
ever video to be shown was Bugles 'Video Killed the Radio Star' which was very
fitting. This was the very first 24 hour television station.
.
the early to mid 80's more sophisticated
effects and narrative became more apparent in music videos, a great example of
this is in 1983 when Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' Came out and taking the term
music video to a whole new level.
The music video has credits, voiceovers
and acting, it was nothing like any mother music video seen before.
The music video cost $500,000 to make and
was directed by John Landis.
1985 was the year that Vh1 was released,
it was for an older demographic than MTV.
In 1986, the chart show was shown on
channel four which helped gain more publicity and competition between artists
and their music.
During this time, Dire Straits released
'Money for nothing' which was an international hit which used computer
animation in its music video which was the first music video to do this ever
helping it boost its popularity. It also include intertextuality to MTV as
shown as the animations are watching the artist on MTV
Also in 1986, Peter Gabriel realised
'Sledgehammer' which was the first stop motion music video to be produced by
Aardman animation.
In the 80's, Top of the pops played before
the watershed, so many records caused some controversy to boost sales by making
songs or videos too rude for television at that time of the night.
Three examples of this is Duran Duran
'Girls on film’, Frankie Goes to Hollywood 'Relax' and Grandmaster Flash 'White
lines'
During the 80's music videos became a bit
of a competition on who could spend the most amount of money. An expensive
video example of this is Duran Duran 'Wild boys'
1990
In November if 92, MTV started to list the
director along with the artist and song credits at the beginning of their
videos.
Directors such as Spike Jones and Chris
Cunningham started off directing music videos then moved onto feature film.
In 1995, Michael and Janet Jackson
released their video for 'Scream' which to this date is the most expensive
video ever made. It cost $7,000,000
During this time, MTV has gone global with
various stations such as MTV Brazil.
2000
From 1999 to 2001, Napster was released.
Napster was a peer to peer file sharing service which enabled people to share
files including songs and music videos.
In 2001 ITunes was initially realised and
in 2005, Videos was able to be bought and shown on the apple devices.
In 2002 Madonna almost beat the record of
most expensive music video with her video 'Die another day'
This cost $6,000,000 to make as it is a
complex video which is shot to look like a James Bond film.
At this time, reality TV
became more and more popular, therefore a lot of MTV's channels decided to
abandon showing music videos
2005
This was the year that YouTube was
launched. This revolutionised the way we saw music videos and gave so many
artists success through their site. The band 'Ok Go' has gain a lot of success
from YouTube as their early videos were very simple and effective as they got
lots of views online. Here is the video for 'Here it goes again' this was a
simple idea for a music video and the band made a lot of success through
putting the videos on YouTube.
2007
In 2007, the RIAA (Recording Industry
Association of America) issued letters to YouTube users to prevent single users
from sharing videos for free. Now YouTube has to pay royalties to the RIAA for
the music videos on their site.
2009
Vevo was launched which is a site that
works alongside YouTube to show music videos legally, gaining royalties for the
record companies.
2010
In this year, MTV finally dropped their
'Music Television' slogan from all their channels as they now show more
reality TV shows than music.
Knowing about the history of music videos
has given me an insight of the highlights of the music videos through the ages.
This will help me to decide what I should do for my music video to make it the
most commercially successful
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